Whar are Impact of Globalisation on Indian Society – Education, Health & Economy Explained
🌐 Globalisation in India – A Simple Overview
🔹 What is Globalisation?
→ Globalisation = Increasing global connectedness through trade, tech, culture & governance.
→ For India, it’s a journey of transformation in economy, society & global role.
🏁 Origin of Globalisation in India
📍 Pre-1991 (Pre-Liberalisation Era)
→ India followed protectionist policies:
🔸 High tariffs
🔸 Import substitution
🔸 State-controlled industries
📍 1991 Reforms (Liberalisation)
→ India faced a Balance of Payments crisis
→ Reforms introduced by P.V. Narasimha Rao & Dr. Manmohan Singh
→ Key changes:
🔸 Reduced trade barriers
🔸 Allowed foreign investment
🔸 Devalued the rupee
📍 Post-1991
→ India joined WTO in 1995
→ IT & outsourcing boom made India a tech hub
🔍 Impact of Globalisation in India
📊 Economic Impact
✅ Positive:
→ ↑ GDP growth & economic diversification
→ ↑ Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in IT, manufacturing, retail
→ ↑ Exports: IT, pharma, textiles
❌ Negative:
→ Traditional industries declined
→ Urban-rural income gap widened
🎭 Cultural Impact
✅ Positive:
→ Exposure to global culture (fashion, entertainment)
→ ↑ Awareness of global issues (like climate change)
❌ Negative:
→ Fear of losing traditional values
→ Rise in cultural homogenisation
🧑🤝🧑 Social Impact
→ Rise of middle class & better lifestyle
→ Access to global education & healthcare
→ Rapid urbanisation → Housing & infrastructure stress
🏛 Political Impact
→ ↑ India’s role in global diplomacy (G20, BRICS, WTO)
→ Dependency on global institutions → National sovereignty concerns
🛠️ Key Sectors Transformed by Globalisation
💻 1. IT & Services
→ India became an IT powerhouse
→ Rise in outsourcing & BPO jobs
🏭 2. Manufacturing & Industry
→ Growth due to SEZs & Make in India
→ ↑ Sectors: Automobile, electronics, pharma
🌾 3. Agriculture
→ ↑ Export opportunities
→ But small farmers face price instability & global competition
🛒 4. Retail & Consumer Goods
→ Entry of global brands
→ Indian consumers now access international products
⚠️ Challenges of Globalisation in India
⚖️ Economic Disparities
→ Urban rich benefited more
→ Rural areas & traditional sectors still lagging
🌍 Environmental Issues
→ Industrialisation → Pollution & resource depletion
🌐 Market Dependency
→ India vulnerable to global recessions & crises (e.g., 2008 crash, COVID-19)
🧬 Cultural Erosion
→ Western culture impacting local traditions & languages
🏛️ Government Initiatives to Maximise Globalisation Benefits
🧱 Economic Policies
✅ Make in India → Boost manufacturing, reduce imports
✅ Digital India → Expand internet & tech adoption
✅ Startup India → Encourage innovation & entrepreneurship
🤝 Trade Agreements
→ India signs CEPA, CECA & engages with SAFTA, RCEP
→ Aim: Wider export markets & better trade ties
🏗️ Infrastructure Development
→ Smart cities, highways, ports = Better global connectivity
→ Attracts FDI & creates jobs
🔮 Way Forward – What India Needs to Do
🌱 Inclusive Growth
→ Equal opportunities in education, jobs & healthcare
→ Focus on rural development
🌿 Sustainability
→ Promote green energy & reduce pollution
→ Support eco-friendly industries
🧵 Domestic Industry Strengthening
→ Help MSMEs & artisans compete globally
→ Invest in tech, marketing & training
💡 Digital & Tech Boost
→ Expand AI, 5G, blockchain
→ Promote digital literacy
→ Ensure data security & R&D
✅ Conclusion
→ Globalisation = Opportunities + Challenges
→ With inclusive policies, sustainable growth, and tech advancement, India can truly benefit from globalisation while preserving its unique identity.
